Review of iatrogenic anaemia in adult intensive care

venipuncture

“High volumes of blood were taken and discarded from the study population, possibly reflecting the fact that there are no guidelines for ICU staff in terms of the amount of blood that needs to be withdrawn in order to “prime” access lines” Holland et al (2020).

Vascular access and hemodialysis session stability

hemodialysis

“Bad runs were characterized primarily by cramping, low blood pressure (“crashing”), cannulation-related difficulties (“bad sticks”), and clotting of the dialysis circuit or vascular access” Kuo et al (2020).

Overview of intraosseous vascular access

CVC training

“Intraosseous (IO) vascular access refers to the placement of a specialized hollow bore needle through the cortex of a bone, into the medullary space for infusion of medical therapy and laboratory tests” Dornhofer and Kellar (2020).

Central venous catheter tip and intrathoracic pressure waveform

Intracavity ECG

” We report a case where intrathoracic pressure waveform transduced from the CVC with chest radiograph inconclusive of intracaval placement was investigated with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to confirm the placement of the CVC tip within the SVC” G.N. et al (2020).