Real-time intravenous fluid level sensor
Abstract:
Ultra high frequency (UHF) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based sensors are proposed for intravenous (IV) fluid level monitoring in medical Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Two versions of the sensor are proposed: a binary sensor (i.e., full vs. empty state sensing) and a real-time (i.e., continuous level) sensor. The operating principle is demonstrated using full-wave electromagnetic simulation at 910 MHz and validated with experimental results. Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and random forest algorithms are employed for each interrogation dataset. Real-time sensing is accomplished with small deviations across the models. A minimum of 72% and a maximum of 97% of cases are within a 20% error for the GAM model and 62% to 98% for the random forest model. The proposed sensor is battery-free, lightweight, low-cost, and highly reliable. The read range of the proposed sensor is 4.6 m.
Reference:
Tajin MAS, Hossain MS, Mongan WM, Dandekar KR. Passive UHF RFID-based real-time intravenous fluid level sensor. IEEE Sens J. 2024 Feb;24(3):3863-3873. doi: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3342129. Epub 2023 Dec 18. PMID: 39131729; PMCID: PMC11315455.