"It may seem difficult to imagine signing up to receive an intravenous (IV) injection of a fluid that has no proven benefit at a facility that has no regulations to vouch for its safety, but that seems to be the unspoken business model of IV hydration spas" Schweitzer (2025).
Abstract:

Extract::

“It may seem difficult to imagine signing up to receive an intravenous (IV) injection of a fluid that has no proven benefit at a facility that has no regulations to vouch for its safety, but that seems to be the unspoken business model of IV hydration spas, an emerging wellness trend that claims to cure hangovers, boost immunity, and detoxify the body.”

Reference:

Schweitzer K. IV Hydration Spas Are Gaining Popularity, but Are They Safe? JAMA. 2025 Oct 10. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.18832. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41071570.